SAP Web-dispatcher acts as a reverse proxy and load balancer that sits in front of SAP systems and handles HTTP/HTTPS traffic.
Think of it as the gatekeeper for handling the requests from the below:
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SAP Fiori
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SAP GUI for HTML
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Web Dynpro
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OData / Gateway services
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ICF services
It decides:
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Which SAP server should handle a request
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How traffic is balanced
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Whether a request is allowed or blocked
Key Benifits of using Web dispatcher: